ROOT BARK AND STEM BARK

• In Senegal, root and tree bark are used to treat sores and skin infections.
• Bark is regarded as useful in treating scurvy.
• In India, stem and root bark are taken as appetizers and digestives.
• In Senegal, a decoction of root bark, roots, leaves and flowers is used to treat epilepsy, hysteria, and intestinal spasms.
• In India, a decoction of the root bark is used as a fermentation to relieve intestinal spasm and is considered useful in calculous affections (mineral buildup/kidney stones).
• Stem bark is used to cure eye diseases.
• In India, stem and root bark are believed to be aphrodisiacs and anthelmintic.
• In India, root bark is said to prevent enlargement of the spleen and formation of tuberculous glands of the neck, to destroy tumors and to heal ulcers.

• Juice from root bark is put into the ear to relieve earaches and also placed in a toothache cavity as a pain killer.
• Bark is used as a treatment for delirious patients.
• In the Philippines it is believed that, roots, chewed and applied to a snakebite, will keep the poison from spreading.
• Bark is used as a rubefacient and as a vesicant.
• In India, bark is sometimes mixed with peppercorns and used as an abortifacient (although often with fatal consequences).